West Bank
West Bank
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| Introduction | West Bank |
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Background:
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The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (the DOP), signed in Washington on 13 September 1993, provided for a transitional period not exceeding five years of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Under the DOP, Israel agreed to transfer certain powers and responsibilities to the Palestinian Authority, which includes the Palestinian Legislative Council elected in January 1996, as part of the interim self-governing arrangements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A transfer of powers and responsibilities for the Gaza Strip and Jericho took place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area and in additional areas of the West Bank pursuant to the Israel-PLO 28 September 1995 Interim Agreement, the Israel-PLO 15 January 1997 Protocol Concerning Redeployment in Hebron, the Israel-PLO 23 October 1998 Wye River Memorandum, and the 4 September 1999 Sharm el-Sheikh Agreement. The DOP provides that Israel will retain responsibility during the transitional period for external and internal security and for public order of settlements and Israeli citizens. Direct negotiations to determine the permanent status of Gaza and West Bank that began in September 1999 after a three-year hiatus, were derailed by a second intifadah that broke out in September 2000. The resulting widespread violence in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Israel's military response, and instability within the Palestinian Authority continue to undermine progress toward a permanent agreement. |
| Geography | West Bank |
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Location:
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Middle East, west of Jordan |
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Geographic coordinates:
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32 00 N, 35 15 E |
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Map references:
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Middle East |
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Area:
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total: 5,860 sq km
note: includes West Bank, Latrun Salient, and the northwest quarter of the Dead Sea, but excludes Mt. Scopus; East Jerusalem and Jerusalem No Man's Land are also included only as a means of depicting the entire area occupied by Israel in 1967 water: 220 sq km land: 5,640 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Delaware |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 404 km border countries: Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km |
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Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked) |
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Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked) |
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Climate:
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temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters |
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Terrain:
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mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west, but barren in east |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Dead
Sea -408 m highest point: Tall Asur 1,022 m |
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Natural resources:
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arable land |
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Land use:
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arable land: 16.9%
permanent crops: 18.97% other: 64.13% (2001) |
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Irrigated land:
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NA sq km |
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Natural hazards:
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droughts |
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Environment - current issues:
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adequacy of fresh water supply; sewage treatment |
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Geography - note:
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landlocked; highlands are main recharge area for Israel's coastal aquifers; there are 244 West Bank settlements and 29 East Jerusalem settlements in addition to at least 20 occupied outposts(August 2003 est.) |
| People | West Bank |
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Population:
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2,311,204 note: in addition, there are about 187,000 Israeli settlers in the West Bank and fewer than 177,000 in East Jerusalem (July 2004 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 43.8%
(male 518,470; female 493,531) 15-64 years: 52.8% (male 623,785; female 595,376) 65 years and over: 3.5% (male 34,226; female 45,816) (2004 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 18 years
male: 17.8 years female: 18.2 years (2004 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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3.21% (2004 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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33.21 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Death rate:
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4.07 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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2.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.06
male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 20.16
deaths/1,000 live births female: 17.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 22.28 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population:
72.88 years male: 71.14 years female: 74.72 years (2004 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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4.52 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun: NA adjective: NA |
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Ethnic groups:
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Palestinian Arab and other 83%, Jewish 17% |
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Religions:
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Muslim 75% (predominantly Sunni), Jewish 17%, Christian and other 8% |
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Languages:
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Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood) |
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Literacy:
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definition: NA total population: NA male: NA female: NA |
| Government | West Bank |
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Country name:
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conventional long
form: none conventional short form: West Bank |
| Economy | West Bank |
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Economy - overview:
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Real per capita GDP for the West Bank and Gaza Strip (WBGS) declined by about one-third between 1992 and 1996 due to the combined effect of falling aggregate incomes and rapid population growth. The downturn in economic activity was largely the result of Israeli closure policies - the imposition of border closures in response to security incidents in Israel - which disrupted labor and commodity market relationships between Israel and the WBGS. The most serious social effect of this downturn was rising unemployment, which in the WBGS during the 1980s was generally under 5%; by 1995 it had risen to over 20%. Israel's use of comprehensive closures during the next three years decreased and, in 1998, Israel implemented new policies to reduce the impact of closures and other security procedures on the movement of Palestinian goods and labor. These changes fueled an almost three-year-long economic recovery in the West Bank and Gaza Strip; real GDP grew by 5% in 1998 and 6% in 1999. Recovery was upended in the last quarter of 2000 with the outbreak of violence, which triggered tight Israeli closures of Palestinian self-rule areas and severely disrupted trade and labor movements. In 2001, and even more severely in 2002, Israeli military measures in Palestinian Authority areas resulted in the destruction of much capital plant and administrative structure, widespread business closures, and a sharp drop in GDP. Including Gaza Strip, the UN estimates that more than 100,000 Palestinians out of the 125,000 who used to work in Israel, in Israeli settlements, or in joint industrial zones have lost their jobs. In addition, about 80,000 Palestinian workers inside the Territories are losing their jobs. International aid of $2 billion in 2001-02 to the West Bank and Gaza Strip prevented the complete collapse of the economy. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $1.7 billion (2002 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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-22% (2002 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $800 (2002 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 9%
industry: 28% services: 63% note: includes Gaza Strip (1999 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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60% (2003 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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2.2% (includes Gaza Strip) (2001 est.) |
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Labor force:
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NA |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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services 66%, industry 21%, agriculture 13% (1996) |
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Unemployment rate:
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50% (includes Gaza Strip) (2002 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $676.6
million expenditures: $1.155 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (includes Gaza Strip) (2003 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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olives, citrus, vegetables; beef, dairy products |
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Industries:
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generally small family businesses that produce cement, textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale, modern industries in the settlements and industrial centers |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA |
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Electricity - production:
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NA kWh; note - most electricity imported from Israel; East Jerusalem Electric Company buys and distributes electricity to Palestinians in East Jerusalem and its concession in the West Bank; the Israel Electric Company directly supplies electricity to most Jewish residents and military facilities; some Palestinian municipalities, such as Nablus and Janin, generate their own electricity from small power plants |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
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Electricity - consumption:
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NA kWh |
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Electricity - imports:
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NA kWh |
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Exports:
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$603 million f.o.b., includes Gaza Strip |
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Exports - commodities:
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olives, fruit, vegetables, limestone |
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Exports - partners:
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Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2000) |
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Imports:
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$1.9 billion c.i.f., includes Gaza Strip |
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Imports - commodities:
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food, consumer goods, construction materials |
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Imports - partners:
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Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2000) |
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Debt - external:
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$108 million (includes Gaza Strip) (1997 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$2 billion (includes Gaza Strip) (2001-02 est.) |
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Currency:
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new Israeli shekel (ILS); Jordanian dinar (JOD) |
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Currency code:
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ILS; JOD |
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Exchange rates:
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new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.5541 (2003), 4.7378 (2002), 4.2057 (2001), 4.0773 (2000), 4.1397 (1999); Jordanian dinars per US dollar - fixed rate of 0.7090 (from 1996) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year (since 1 January 1992) |
| Communications | West Bank |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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301,600 (total for West Bank and Gaza Strip) (2002) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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480,000 (cellular subscribers in both West Bank and Gaza Strip) (2003) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment:
NA domestic: NA international: NA note: Israeli company BEZEK and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for communication services in the West Bank |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0
note: the Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation broadcasts from an AM station in Ramallah on 675 kHz; numerous local, private stations are reported to be in operation (2000) |
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Radios:
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NA; note - most Palestinian households have radios (1999) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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NA |
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Televisions:
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NA; note - many Palestinian households have televisions (1999) |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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8 (1999) |
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Internet users:
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145,000 (includes Gaza Strip) (2003) |
| Transportation | West Bank |
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Highways:
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total: 4,500 km
paved: 2,700 km unpaved: 1,800 km note: Israelis have developed many highways to service Jewish settlements (1997 est.) |
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Ports and harbors:
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none |
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Airports:
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3 (2003 est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2003 est.) |
| Military | West Bank |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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NA |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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NA |
| Transnational Issues | West Bank |
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Disputes - international:
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West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation |
From the CIA 2004 World Fact Book